Management Introduction
Questions 341 to 350
341.
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Information that originates outside the
organization is known as external information. Which of the following is/are
example(s) of external information in an organization?
(a) Daily receipts
and expenditures
(b) Salesperson
Quotas
(c) Descriptions of
customer satisfaction with products and services
(d) Quantity of an
item in hand or in inventory
(e) Cost and selling
price of the company’s item.
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Which of the following decision-making
models emphasizes short-run solution of a problem rather than long-term goal
accomplishment?
(a)
Rational model (b) Satisficing model (c) Incremental model
(d)
Garbage-can model (e) Decision tree.
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Sofia works in one of seven research and
development departments at General Automobile Corporation. This would suggest
that General Automobiles has a
(a)
Functional structure
(b) Divisional structure (c) Flat structure
(d)
High degree of centralization
(e) Tall structure.
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Which of the following information
processing systems gives the output in the form of summary and exception
reports that are useful to the managers?
(a)
Decision support system (b)
Management information system
(c)
Office automation system (d)
Transaction processing system
(e)
Executive support system.
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In which of Likert’s four systems of
leadership, managers do not have complete confidence and trust in
subordinates but nevertheless, solicit advice from subordinates while
retaining the right to make final decision?
(a)
Participative leadership style (b)
Benevolent-authoritative leadership style
(c)
Consultative leadership style (d)
Exploitative-authoritative leadership style
(e)
Trait theory of leadership style.
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Performance appraisals are important in
an organization because they
I. Provide systematic
judgments to support promotions.
II. Provide a
basis for coaching.
III. Provide a
basis for counseling.
IV. Let subordinates
know where they stand with the boss.
(a)
Only (I) above (b)
Only (II) above
(c)
Both (I) and (IV) above (d)
(I), (III) and (IV) above
(e)
All (I), (II), (III) and (IV) above.
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Ratio analysis helps a manager to compare
the performance of the organization with its previous performance or the
performance of its competitors. Which of the following is a ratio of creditors’
contribution to that of the owners?
(a)
Current ratio (b)
Debt-equity ratio
(c)
Return on investment (ROI) (d)
Net profit margin (e) Inventory turnover.
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Which of the following inventory
techniques uses cards to monitor inventory movement?
(a)
ABC Analysis (b)
JIT Approach (c) Kanban
(d)
Kaizen (e)
Economic Order Quantity.
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A decision support system (DSS) is an
interactive computer system used to plan and make decisions. Which of the
following is/are true with regard to Decision Support System (DSS)?
I. Executive
decisions are the focal points in DSS.
II. DSS
specializes in easy-to-use software.
III. DSS employs
interactive processing.
IV. The control and
use of DSS rests with the central information management department.
(a) Only (I) above (b)
Both (I) and (II) above
(c)
Both (III) and (IV) above (d)
(I), (II) and (III) above
(e)
(II), (III) and (IV) above.
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Which of the following is/are postulates
of the path – goal theory?
I. The leader
clearly defines the path to goal attainment for subordinates.
II. The leader
motivates subordinates to participate in decision-making.
III. The leader
sets clear and specific goals for subordinates.
IV. The leader
suitably rewards employees as per their performance.
(a) Only (II) above (b) Only (IV)
above
(c)
Both (II) and (IV) above (d)
(I), (II) and (IV) above
(e)
All (I), (II), (III) and (IV) above.
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Answers
341.
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Answer : (c)
Reason : Descriptions
of customer satisfaction with products and services are examples of external
information in an organization. Hence from above discussion, we can infer
that option (c) is correct.
Options (a), (b), (d) and (e) are all
examples of internal information in an organization.
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Answer : (c)
Reason : Incremental
model emphasizes short-run solution of a problem rather than long-term
goal accomplishment. (a) Rational model is a model of managerial
decision-making, which suggests that managers engage in completely rational
decision process, ultimately make optimal decisions and process, and
understand all information relevant to their decisions at the time they make
them. (b) Satisficing model describe the way modern managers must, of
necessity, make decisions with incomplete information by choosing from among
the few most likely alternatives. (d) Garbage can model is a non-rational
model of management decision-making stating that mangers behave in virtually
a random pattern in making non-programmed decisions. (e) Decision tree is a
quantitative decision-making tool based on a graphic model that displays the
structure of a sequence of alternative courses of action and usually shows
the payoff associated with various paths and the probabilities associated
with future conditions.
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Answer : (b)
Reason : Sofia
works in one of seven research and development departments at General
Automobile Corporation and this suggests that General Automobile has a
divisional structure. i.e. to say divisional structure is a type of
departmentation in which positions are grouped according to similarity of
products, services or markets. (a) Functional structure is a type of
departmentation in which positions are grouped according to their main
functional or specialized area. (c) Flat structure is a structure that has
few hierarchical levels and wide spans of control. (d) High degree of
centralization is the tendency to restrict delegation of decision-making in
an organization structure, usually by holding authority at or near the top of
the organization structure. (e) Tall structure is a structure that has many
hierarchical levels and narrow spans of control.
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Answer : (b)
Reason : MIS
(Management Information System) gives the output in the form of summary and
exception reports that are useful to the manager.
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Answer : (c)
Reason : When
managers have substantial but not
complete confidence and trust in subordinates and solicit advice from
subordinates while retaining the right to make final decision, Likert’s four
systems of management describes it as consultative leadership style. (a) In
Participative leadership style the manager has complete trust and confidence
in the subordinates in all the matters. (b) In Benevolent leadership style
the managers have a patronizing confidence and trust in subordinates, solicit
some ideas and opinions from subordinates, motivate with rewards and some
fear and punishment, permit some upward communication and allow some
delegation of decision-making but with close policy control. (d) In
exploitative-authoritative leadership style the managers represents doctorial
leadership behavior with all decisions made by the manager. (e) Trait theory
of leadership style assumes that leaders share certain inborn personality
traits.
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Answer : (e)
Reason : Performance
appraisals are important in an organization because they provide systematic
judgements to support promotions; provide a basis for coaching; provide a
basis for counseling; and let subordinates know where they stand with the
boss.
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Answer : (b)
Reason : Debt-equity
ratio indicates what percentage of the organization’s assets creditors
furnish. (a) Current ratio is the ratio of current assets to current
liabilities. (c) Return on investment (ROI) is the ratio of net income to
total assets. (d) Net profit margin is the ratio of net income to net sales.
(e) Inventory turnover is the ratio of cost of goods sold to inventory.
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Answer : (c)
Reason : Kanban
is a subsystem of the JIT approach involving a simple parts movement system
that depends on cards and containers to pull parts from one work center to
another. (a)ABC analysis is a technique
of inventory management, in which the inventory is distributed based on price
& usage of the inventory. (b) A JIT is an approach to inventory control
that emphasizes having materials arrive just as they are needed in the production
process. (d) Kaizen is a Japanese term implying continuous improvement.
(e) EOQ is an inventory control method
developed to minimize ordering plus holding
costs,
while avoiding stock out costs.
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Answer : (d)
Reason : The
following are the characteristics of DSS:
(I) Executive
decisions are the focal points in DSS.
(II) DSS
specializes in easy-to-use software
(III) DSS
employs interactive processing.
(1V)
The control and use of DSS rests with the users and not the
central information management department
Statement
given in (IV) is incorrect; hence option (d) is the correct answer.
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Answer : (e)
Reason : According to Path-Goal theory, the leader
clearly defines the path to goal attainment for subordinates, when leader
motivates subordinates to participate in decision-making and sets clear and
specific goals to the organization and a leader should suitably reward
employees as per their performance. So, all the statements mentioned are true
for path-goal theory.
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