Management Introduction
Questions 161 to 170
161.
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Departmentalization
divides a large and complex organization into smaller and more flexible
administrative units. A type of departmentalization in which similar
specialists and people with common skills, knowledge and orientations are
grouped together, is referred to as
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Which
of the following statements is incorrect
with respect to ‘functional authority’?
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Every
organization structure, even a poor one, can be charted. Which of the
following is false with respect to
Organization Chart?
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Various
selection devices are used to choose candidates who best meet the
qualifications and have the greatest aptitude for the job. Asking a candidate
for an automotive mechanic’s position to assemble and disassemble part of an
engine motor would be an example of what kind of selection device?
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Performance
appraisal involves the formal evaluation of an individual’s job performance. Which of the following guidelines is least likely to improve the effectiveness of the appraisal process?
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Managers
can adopt various methods to overcome initial resistance to change. In which
of the following methods of overcoming resistance to change, management
neutralizes potential or actual resistance by exchanging something of value
for cooperation?
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Douglas
McGregor identified two opposing perspectives (Theory X and Theory Y) that he
believed typified managerial views of employees and suggested that management
must start with the basic question of how managers see themselves in relation
to others. Which of the following is not
true about his theory?
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The
manager of Master Products Ltd., a leading manufacturer of electrical
components, instructed Tarun, Shreya, Aparna, and Sheila, who all worked
together, to teach each other their job skills to be more effective. What is
this called?
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Senthil is a salesperson for Cloud 9 Corporation's
Chennai office. If the salespersons meet their sales goals for the month,
they are given an all-expense-paid trip to a Salgaonkar Club football game.
Football is not one of Chennai's favorite sports, and the Salgaonkar Club is
definitely not Senthil's favorite team. Which component of Vroom’s expectancy
theory influences Senthil’s performance?
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Which of the following statements is/are true with respect to content theories of motivation?
I. Maslow’s self-actualization and esteem
needs correspond to Herzberg’s motivators.
II. McClelland’s need for achievement
corresponds to Alderfer’s relatedness needs.
III. Maslow’s esteem needs correspond to
Alderfer’s need for power.
IV. Herzberg’s
hygiene factors correspond to McClelland’s need for affiliation, Maslow’s
social needs and Alderfer’s existence needs.
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Answers
161.
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Answer
: (b)
Reason
: A type of departmentalisation in which
similar specialists and people with common skills, knowledge and orientations
are grouped together, is referred to as Functional departmentalisation.
Hence,
from above discussion, we can infer that option (b) is correct.
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Answer
: (e)
Reason
: If unity of command were to be applied
without exception, functional authority would be exercised only by line
managers. Hence, option (e) is incorrect and is the answer.
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Answer
: (d)
Reason
: Organization Chart is a vital tool for
providing information about organizational relationships.
It
shows authority relationships and neglects significant informal and
informational relationships
Hence
from above discussion, we can infer that option (d) is false with respect to
Organization Chart.
Options
(a), (b), (c) and (e) are all true with respect to Organization Chart.
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Answer
: (c)
Reason
: Performance Test or Work Sampling Test
is used as a means of measuring practical ability on a specific job. The
applicant completes some job activity under structured conditions.
Hence
from above discussion, we can infer that option (c) is correct.
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Answer
: (b)
Reason
: Performance appraisal involves the
formal evaluation of an individual's job performance.
Emphasizing
the evaluator's impression of the individual's work habits is least likely to
improve the effectiveness of the appraisal process.
Hence,
from above discussion, we can infer that option (b) is correct.
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Answer
: (c)
Reason
: In negotiation and agreement method of
overcoming resistance to change, management neutralizes potential or actual
resistance by exchanging something of value for cooperation.
Hence,
from above discussion, we can infer that option (c) is correct.
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Answer
: (b)
Reason
: As per McGregor, Theory X managers
assume that people prefer to be directed, wish to avoid responsibility, have
little ambition, and above all, want security.
Hence,
from above discussion, we can infer that option (b) is not correct about his
theory.
Options
(a), (c), (d) and (e) are all correct about his theory.
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Reason
: Tarun, Shreya, Aparna and Sheila all worked
together, and to be more effective they taught each other their job skills.
This process is called job rotation or cross-training. This is defined as a
job design approach that involves periodically shifting workers through a set
of jobs in a planned sequence. (b) Role perception is the individual’s
understanding of the behavior needed to accomplish a task or perform a job.
(c) Training is the systematic development of knowledge, skills and attitudes
required by an individual to perform adequately a given job or a task. (d)
Simulation is a quantitative planning technique that uses mathematical models
to imitate reality. (e) Apprenticeship is providing training in basic skills
and impart knowledge in specified trades to apprentices in order to improve opportunities
for employment or to help them promote their own business.
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Answer
: (d)
Reason
: Senthil’s
performance is influenced by the component of valence.
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Answer
: (b)
Reason : The
following statements are true with respect to content theories of motivation:
I. Maslow’s self-actualization and esteem
needs correspond to Herzberg’s motivators.
III.
Maslow’s esteem needs correspond to
Alderfer’s need for power.
The
following statements are not true
with respect to content theories of motivation:
II. McClelland’s need for achievement
corresponds to Alderfer’s relatedness needs. Since, McClelland’s need for
achievement corresponds to Alderfer’s growth needs.
IV. Herzber’s hygiene factors correspond to
McClelland’s need for affiliation, Maslow’s social needs and Alderfer’s
existence needs since Herzber’s hygiene factors correspond to Maslow’s safety
and physiological needs and Alderfer’s existence needs.
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