Management Introduction
Questions 191 to 200
191.
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Mark's
Embroidery produces custom-made embroidery products. One department sells to
retail customers, another department sells to catalog customers and a third
department sells only to college bookstores. Mark's Embroidery is
departmentalized by
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192.
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“When
managers have substantial but not
complete confidence and trust in subordinates and solicit advice from
subordinates while retaining the right to make final decision”, Likert’s four
systems of management describes it as
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193.
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Ravi, a
new recruit in Solaris Systems, perceives that his outcomes (pay, perks etc.)
are lower as compared to his inputs (qualifications, experience etc.) in
relation to his colleagues. Which of the following theories of motivation
explains this phenomenon?
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194.
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Which of
the following statement(s) is/are true
with respect to ‘discretionary expense centers’?
I. The output of a discretionary expense
center cannot be directly used to produce revenues.
II. Budgets for discretionary expense centers
are developed only in terms of maximum resources
that can be consumed by them in a particular period.
III. For assessing the budgetary performance,
the expense constraints are established at the discretion of the manager.
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195.
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Quantitative
techniques are very useful in making decisions under conditions of varying
degrees of uncertainty. Torque Engineering Co. Ltd. faces the problem of
allocating resources to its newly set up hydraulic pumps division. Which of
the following decision-making techniques can help solve the problem?
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196.
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Blake
and Mouton’s Managerial Grid is an approach to defining leadership styles
based on a manager’s concern for people and concern for production. Which of
the following styles of management assumes that exertion of minimum effort to
get required work done is appropriate to sustain organization membership?
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197.
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Which of
the following refers to the process that helps new employees adapt to the
organization’s culture?
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198.
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Adaptability is essential for
present day organizations to survive. Which of the following are
characteristics of adaptable organizations?
I. Employees are given more freedom in
decision-making.
II. Management sets broad goals and
objectives.
III. Accountability revolves around positions.
IV. Organizational learning is ongoing.
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199.
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Ratio
analysis is a performance evaluation technique that involves determining and
evaluating financial ratios. In this regard, which of the following ratios
measures a firm’s financial risk?
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200.
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Which of the following is a measure of how appropriate
organizational goals are and how well an organization is achieving those
goals?
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Answers
191.
|
Answer : (b)
Reason : Mark's Embroidery is departmentalized by
customer, i.e. to say customer divisions are divisions set up to service
particular types of clients or customers. Under this method, activities are
grouped according to the customers the organization serves and service to the
customers is of top priority. (a) Product divisions are divisions created to
concentrate on a single product or service of at least a relatively
homogeneous set of products or services. (c) Geographic divisions are
divisions are designed to serve different geographic areas. Under this
method, territory or location is taken as the basis for departmentation. (d)
Process divisions are designed to departmentalize the activities through the
different process which the organization follows. (e) In Functional
departmentation activities are grouped according to their main functional or
specialized area such as Production, Finance, Marketing, HR, etc.
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192.
|
Answer : (c)
Reason : When managers have substantial but not complete confidence and trust in
subordinates and solicit advice from subordinates while retaining the right
to make final decision, Likert’s four systems of management describes it as
consultative leadership style.(a) In Participative leadership style the
manager has complete trust and confidence in the subordinates in all the
matters.(b) In Benevolent leadership style the managers have a patronizing
confidence and trust in subordinates, solicit some ideas and opinions from
subordinates, motivate with rewards and some fear and punishment, permit some
upward communication and allow some delegation of decision-making but with
close policy control.(d) In exploitative-authoritative leadership style the
managers represents doctorial leadership behavior with all decisions made by
the manager. (e) Trait theory of leadership style assumes that leaders share
certain inborn personality traits.
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193.
|
Answer : (c)
Reason : J.S.Adam’s equity theory points out that
people are motivated to maintain fair relationship between their performance
and reward in comparison to others. (a) Maslow’s need hierarchy classifies
human needs into five categories : physiological, safety, belongingness,
esteem, and self-actualization needs and states that they follow an order. A
satisfied need no longer motivates. (b) Herzberg’s two-factor model
distinguishes between motivators and hygiene factors. The presence of the
former (motivators) causes satisfaction but their absence doesn’t cause
dissatisfaction. The absence of the latter (hygiene factors) causes
dissatisfaction but their presence doesn’t guarantee satisfaction. (d) Victor
Vroom’s expectancy theory holds that people will be motivated to do things to
achieve some goals to the extent that they expect that certain actions on
their part will help them to achieve the goal. (e) Alderfer’s ERG theory
categorizes human needs into three : existence, relatedness, and growth
needs.
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194.
|
Answer : (e)
Reason : The following statements are true with
respect to ‘discretionary expense centers’:
I. The
output of a discretionary expense center cannot be directly used to produce revenues.
II.
Budgets for discretionary expense
centers are developed only in terms of maximum
resources that can be consumed by them in a particular period.
III.
For assessing the budgetary
performance, the expense constraints are established at the discretion of the manager.
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195.
|
Answer : (a)
Reason : Linear programming is a mathematical
technique used in optimum allocation of resources in the organization.
Decision tree is a
graphical method for identifying alternative actions, estimating
probabilities, and indicating the resulting expected pay-off.
Simulation is the
technique of developing a model that represents a real or existing system for
solving complex problems that cannot be readily solved by other techniques.
Waiting-line or
queuing model is a mathematical model that describes the operating
characteristics of queuing situations, in which service is provided to
persons or units waiting in line.
Game theory is a
technique for determining the strategy that is likely to produce maximum
profits in a competitive situation.
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196.
|
Answer : (d)
Reason : Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid is an
approach to defining leadership styles based on a manager’s concern for
people and concern for production. Impoverished management assumes that
exertion of minimum effort to get required work done is appropriate to
sustain organization membership.
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197.
|
Answer : (c)
Reason: Socialization refers to the process that
helps new employees adapt to the organization’s culture.
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198.
|
Answer
: (d)
Reason
: The following are characteristics of
adaptable organizations
·
Employees are given more freedom in
decision-making
·
Management sets broad goals and
objectives
· Organizational learning is ongoing
· Accountability revolves around projects and
not positions
Hence, option (d) is the answer.
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199.
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Answer : (d)
Reason : Leverage ratio’s indicate the firms financial
risk. (a) Profitability ratios provide a firms overall economic performance
(b) Liquidity ratios measure a firm’s capacity to meet its short-term
financial obligations. (c) Activity ratios reflects a firm’s efficiency in
resource utilization.
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200.
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Answer : (d)
Reason : Organizational effectiveness is a measure of
how appropriate organizational goals are, and how well an
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